Ecology Lab Report Essay Example

Ecology Lab Report Essay Example Ecology Lab Report Paper Ecology Lab Report Paper For example, reservoirs associated with run-of-the- river dams typically have small hydraulic head, limited storage area and short retention times and are less likely to be susceptible to conditions that can lead o transportation or promote excessive algal growth. In contrast, reservoirs associated with larger dams, such as storage or hydroelectric dams, are more likely to have longer retention times, providing a greater potential for incoming nutrients to stimulate increased algal production. Increased algal biomass can potentially deplete dissolved oxygen levels within the reservoir through bacterial decomposition and photosynthetic respiration. A study by Dry. Payne examined the relationship between reservoir water retention times and phytoplankton algae production in the summer. Dry. Payne, along with Auburn University professor Dry. Mike Machine, assessed the potential water quality effects on Weiss Lake of the draft Cooks River water-sharing agreement between Alabama and Georgia. Their study showed that reservoirs with typically short retention times, such as reservoirs on the Cooks River, are more susceptible to hyperthyroid effects and higher chlorophyll a concentrations when retention times are increased even moderately. Historical data shows that higher chlorophyll a concentrations in Weiss Lake have consistently corresponded to longer retention times. Hydrological models in their study indicated that longer retention times in the reservoir would likely increase phytoplankton algae production and algal biomass accumulation, assuming that other factors remain unchanged. This result is particularly evident during drought periods, such as occurred in 2000 and in 2006. In addition, the nutrient criteria were developed to reflect downstream transport of nutrients and the processes by which nutrient uptake occurs in streams. Nutrient concentrations generally tend to decrease as they move downstream. This attenuation occurs as nutrients are absorbed by microorganisms and plants (biotic uptake) or as they adsorb onto sediment particles (biotic uptake) and settle out of the water column.

What Is The 10x Marketing Formula - CoSchedule Blog

What Is The 10x Marketing Formula Blog If you’ve ever been disappointed in your content marketing results- or lack thereof- you’re not alone. Less than 50% of North American B2B marketers  rate their content as successful. For many, it’s failed to live up to the hype. I’m on a mission to change that. Let me introduce you to The 10x Marketing Formula.What Is The 10x Marketing Formula?Tenfold Growth In 3 Months The formula is all about achieving tenfold growth rather than incremental improvements. And it’s a system for creating explosive results in short timeframes. Consider this scenario. Imagine your boss saying to you: â€Å"You have three months to grow our email list from 10,000 subscribers to 100,000, or I have to let you go.† Would you know what to do if your job was contingent on achieving 10x growth? Now, before you roll your eyes at such a dramatic scenario, I want to share part of our story with you. Here’s an excerpt from my upcoming book  to explain: We were going to build and launch a product in just three months. Launching meant we made the coveted transition from a service-based company to a product-based company. This was great. But it also meant we literally had three months to live. We were betting it all on with just a few months of runway. At launch day, we had one quarter to go from zero revenue, zero customers, and a small following to a minimum of 300 paying customers and a flourishing audience. It was 10x growth or lights out. When you’re staring at zeroes across the board and you have both a team and your family counting on you, the stakes are as high as they possibly can be. Failure is a real possibility. It becomes tangible, constantly nipping at your heels. So, you either make it happen and generate revenue fast, or you and your entire team are out. When you do this, there’s no fallback system. There’s no one to pick up the slack. And minimal returns on sales and marketing activities aren’t simply a disappointing quarter, they’re doom. In a large company, growing revenues, audience, or a similar metric by 10 percent may be acceptable. But in a startup, numbers like that are your death writ The marketing abyss stared us right in the face and everything was on the line. It was results, or die! The marketing abyss stared us right in the face and everything was on the line. It was results, orFour Phases To 10x Growth As a startup, our marketing simply had to work. And the truth is, so does yours. At a high level, The 10x Marketing Formula is a system of frameworks that work together to produce tenfold growth in any marketing capacity. And it’s a revolution in both methodology and mindset. The formula unfolds in four phases that can move anyone in any industry from â€Å"meh† results to 9,360% growth  like we’ve experienced. I’ve talked about why I’m revealing this formula. Now, I want to show you what it’s actually made of. The 10x Marketing Formula presents four phases to content marketing mastery: planning, execution, publishing, and analysis. It isn’t simply a variant of a marketing to-do list, it’s a set of methodologies and principles that will work in any context. Here’s how it works. Phase One: Plan In the first phase, you will learn how to create content so good, so powerful, and so effective that it makes your competition look like they didn’t even try. You will learn to find your unique niche where your content will stand out and get results. Key to creating this kind of stuff is finding what I call your content core. Your content core will be made of topics that directly intersect with two things: what your audience cares about, and the value your product or service provides. Here’s the deal, it’s not enough to simply drive traffic. You have to be able to convert that traffic into customers. I also interview the brilliant growth expert Noah Kagan  on how to use content for growth hacking. In this conversation, we went way beyond buzzwords In the first phase, you will dial in your content to attract incredible traffic and drive conversions. In the first phase of the 10X marketing process, you will dial in your #content to attractPhase Two: Execute In phase two, you will learn to get sh*t done†¦ And growth-critical stuff at that. If you’re going to get best in class results, you have to execute world-class 10x projects. These are the ideas, campaigns, and launches that will multiply your results tenfold rather than a measly 10 percent. Now, even the best marketing projects in the world won’t be worth the pixels on the screen if they don’t get done! That’s why you loop a badass editorial calendar, the 10x Calendar. It becomes your one source of truth to keep everyone organized and focused on your singular growth goal. To execute your 10x projects master plan, you will document processes with 10x Workflows. This is a system to ensure your team can methodically complete mission-critical tasks on an aggressive timeline. 10x workflows marry time and quality- but are only possible if you build or become a 10x team. 10x workflows marry time and quality- but are only possible if you build or become a 10x team.A 10x Team commits to processes that: acknowledge guessing, embrace failure, thrive on learning, and consistently pursue the best results over activity. You will also learn how to create the best content on the Internet from industry from seasoned vets like Pat Flynn, Jeff Goins, and Brian Dean. And how to adapt agile methodologies  for marketing teams with Andrea Fryrear. In phase two, you will dramatically elevate your team’s output, learn to generate the best ideas of your career, uncover a system that magically prioritizes these ideas, and keep laser-focused on growing the key metrics to growth. In phase two of the 10X marketing formula, youll dramatically elevate your teams output.Phase Three: Publish Phase three is packed with moments of truth. You’re publishing big marketing projects and then learning to wildly promote them. If you need to sharpen, or totally replace, your social media strategy  or build a massive email list, this phase is your ticket. You will also learn how to run a lean and hyper-efficient marketing team from Ash Maurya  and how to use visuals for 10x social promotion from John T. Meyer. In phase three, you will learn to ship the most impactful projects and then promote them with frameworks for social media and email. In phase three of the 10X marketing formula, youll ship the most impactful projects and thenPhase Four: Analyze Finally, phase four is all about analyzing and optimizing your results. But you’re going to go beyond Google Analytics, here. It’s not simply about the right marketing tool stack, it’s about driving growth with the â€Å"One Metric That Matters† framework. In modern marketing we don’t have a data problem- we have a data filtering. So, what is the single most important metric to indicate success or failure? How do you benchmark your work? And how do you show your boss your newfound marketing genius? In addition, you will learn how to write irresistible calls-to-action (CTA) and calls-to-value (CTV). Are you able to convert traffic into prospects, leads, and then customers? Not only do I peel back the curtain on conversion psychology, but I also interview master conversion copywriter Joanna Wiebe  on her framework for getting thousands to click, try, and buy. emIn phase four, you will learn to convert traffic and cut through the clutter of irrelevant data so you can measure what matters most.

Business Ethics & Spiritual Intelligence in IHRM Assertion Essay

Business Ethics & Spiritual Intelligence in IHRM Assertion - Essay Example Conceivably, in its involved conceptualization, this prospect may also be indifferent to values of most western cultural dispensations. Definitely, the concepts behind what comprises the ideologies, stipulations and activities of managing persons in affiliations vary even among the European nations, and possibly between American settings. Tracing to the roots of the notion in the idiosyncratic achievement-based management culture of the U.S.A., IHRM is overtly universally conferred. Especially in writing about workforce management, it is overtly intricate not to mention this term, even in the global context within which most administrators currently function, either vigorously or passively oriented participants in the global economy. Pantry regard is directed to the probable implications of underlying notion, nor to its expression in the legislations and practices that international affiliations apply across diverse nations (Jac 2010). Often, these practices and policies are not appr opriate. . However, in numerous dispensations, such as the dynamic economical institutions of the former soviet corporation and China, and those societies that originated after the colonial ages consist of an immense percentage of inhabitants and the global land surface , IHRM stipulations and practices are occasionally uncritically conferred, virtually against the shelf. Moreover, this is not in an aim to degrade the contributions to worldwide management prospective that IHRM in numerous of its principles, such as the proficiency approach, may often make. It is basically to locate in its cultural application, and to look into its aptness in other cultural dispensations (Robert 2010). Furthermore, it is also meant to examine this in relation to contributions from other cultural dimensions, as well as the numerous cultural and directing the influences operating on the transnational affiliation (Betty 2009). Particularly, the initial directive explicates on the management of persons a pplying a numerous cultural design of conceptualizing the disparities and demarcating in the level of international affiliations. The next section applies an integrative approach of the transnational affiliation in order to prospect how diverse formulations of transnational affiliation directives may implicate on the way cultural disparities are perceived. Progressively, the following section expounds and examines the American design of the competent affiliation. Moreover, the proficiencies directive takes affiliation strategic and effective prospects as its beginning point in determination of the much-needed competencies for miscellany, enhancement and reimbursement (Fort 2001). This applies in the context that is not the most pantries to determine international proficiencies. This translates to a discussion of expatriation and transnational professions, taking the resemblance of the missionary affiliation and the allegory of the Dutch design. Furthermore, the following sections ad dress the cultural involvement of diverse approaches to the administration of persons in transnational affiliations. In the study, the Japanese design is in study whereby, it encompasses on the motivating affiliation, translating the notion of motivation to inculcate loyalty while explicating on the integration of Japanese knowhow to other dispensations. Moreover, another section concentrates on the notion of the learning affiliation via the cultural focus of the British design. Moreover, not all learning affiliations are British in nature, yet the British edifying setting is

How do various societies construct gender identities,sexual practices Essay

How do various societies construct gender identities,sexual practices and gendered bodies - Essay Example Anthropologists are primarily concerned with finding solutions to human problems. They eventually have to create a body of knowledge so as to be better placed to tackle human problems and devise appropriate solutions. Anthropologists are usually trained in one of four areas, one of which is socio-cultural anthropology. This area of interest explores social patterns coupled with cultural practices. When one dives into the mechanics of society workings, certain features are common to each and every community. In connection to this, there also exist differences in characteristics, traditions and customs. This article will endeavor to expound on such differences, however, the focus will be on gender identities, sexual practices and gendered bodies. With this goal in mind, five articles will be analyzed so as to quench the thirst on these three factors. Analysis Gender identity is the classification of one as either male or female. It is how an individual sees himself or herself. It is th e apparent manifestations that result from the personality of an individual. It has the ability to reflect on ones gender identity. Gender identity is self identified and results from intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Many at times gender identity can be confused with gender roles. The latter denotes behavior manifested by factors acquired through observation; this can be exemplified by behavior and appearance. Thus, the gender role is often an outward expression of a person’s gender identity.... Many physical sports are considered the bed play for men. As such, men view sports as a male’s only endeavor. This ought to be regarded as male chauvinism (Eugenides, n.p.). The American society best exemplifies this by aligning sports with the male sex. Society has accepted the notion that the brazen nature of male dominated sports is proof enough that it should not be associated with women in any sense. This stereotypical approach has also been adopted by advertisers. A close look at the transformation of the advertisement from a decade ago gives elaboration on this issue. Society has, since the dawn of time, associated sports with the consumption of alcohol. There apparently seems to be something about the adrenalin that comes out of watching contact sports that stimulate the consumption of alcohol. To give assumptions why this is the case will be to indulge into the creation of conjectures without content. As such, this writer will refrain from such endeavors such wild end eavors. Advertisements created in the 1950s to 1960s depicted the consumption of alcohol to be a non bias activity, meaning that both male and female population was expected to partake in it equally. However, as time goes by it has emerged that sports and alcohol is now synonymous with the male gender. This clear alienation of women from the picture is quite a fact that the American society has adopted. Since the 1970s, alcohol has been regarded as the end reward of a day’s work (Messner 484). Apparently, women never perform a hard day’s work since men are the only ones who are worthy of this reward. The American male population seems to source their gender identity from the consumption of alcohol and watching of contact sports. To cement this fact, the men have and are

Heathcliff and Cathy (Wuthering Heights) Essay Example for Free

Heathcliff and Cathy (Wuthering Heights) Essay Through the duration of Heathcliffs life, he encounters many tumultuous events that affects him as a person and transforms his rage deeper into his soul, for which he is unable to escape his nature. Love, however, seems to be at the centre of his rage. From the beginning of the novel (and most likely from the beginning of Heathcliffs life) he has suffered pain and rejection. When Mr. Earnshaw brings him to Wuthering Heights, he is viewed as a thing rather than a child. Mrs. Earnshaw was ready to fling it out the doors, while Nelly put it on the landing of the stairs hoping that it would be gone the next day. Hindley had a deep sibling rivalry for the child. Without having done anything to deserve rejection, Heathcliff is made to feel like an outsider. Following the death of Mr. Earnshaw, Heathcliff suffers cruel mistreatment at the hands of Hindley. It seems that in these tender years, he is deprived of love, friendship, and education. He is separated from the family, reduced to the status of a servant, undergoes regular beatings, but most of all, he is forcibly separated from his soul mate, Catherine. The personality that Heathcliff develops in his adulthood has been formed in response to these hardships of his childhood. The most implicating sense of alienation occurs with Catherines marriage to Edgar, Heathcliff considers this a betrayal of his love for her, since she wants the social status and existence at the Grange. Heathcliff is however proud and determined and does not cower when opposed by those consider themselves to be superiors. Finally, when he realizes that Catherine has chosen status, wealth and position over him, he disappears for three years and returns in the manner of a gentleman. Nelly, I see now you think me a selfish wretch; but did it never strike you that if Heathcliff and I married, we should be beggars? whereas, if I marry Linton I can aid Heathcliff to rise, and place him out of my brothers power.' The problem, however, is the nature behind Catherine Lintons romantic ideology. She boldly loves Heathcliff for who he is, it seems she is quite selfish in some ways and cares equally about status since her stay at Thrushcross Grange. While she weighs the options of either being with the wild but alluring Heathcliff over the wealthy but displeasing Edgar Linton, she decides that her own needs and wants could be fulfilled. How wrong she was. These lines show her struggle, they show her ignorance, and give the reader the sense that her whole life revolves around herself. She liked the attention that she got from this predicament and will continue to get attention until it finally kills her. The passage indicates a dilemma among one self. This type of problem usually centers on the ignorance of the subject. She lead herself into a to a self-inflicting sickness ultimately leading to the deterioration of the mind and the body. It is in this one dialogue that defines her character for the rest of the novel. Good intentioned, but nonetheless has the wrong idea. She is a woman who, in her fatal decision, has killed herself. From then on, Heathcliff is in reality, a man torn between love and hate. Since his depths of his passions, he hates as deeply as he loves. As Heathcliff approaches death and a reunion of Catherine, he no longer has an interest for revenge. He falls deeply into a spiritual torment. He is a powerful villain driven by revenge, and made emotionally unstable by Catherines marriage. This later Heathcliff is characterized by coldness; by an incapacity to love and ultimately by getting revenge against those who have disconnected him with his beloved Catherine. Just as he begins life, he ends life as an unloved, lonely outsider.

Welcome To The Monkey House :: essays research papers

Erin Lowe- also author of many "outstanding" American History essays.... of which two are published somewhere here..... one about Peter Noyes, and another about Mercantilism..... "Books won't stay banned. They won't burn. Ideas won't go to jail†¦ In the long run of history, the censor and the inquisitor have always lost. The only sure weapon against bad ideas is better ideas. The source of better ideas is wisdom. The surest path to wisdom is a liberal education." The only way that the ideas of this world that are deemed bad are going to go away is if we are allowed to see them and change them. If we are not allowed to see what is "bad" then our society will never grow to become a better place. What censorship does is keep us protected; leaving us living sheltered lives. If we never see a racist comment how are we to know that racism is bad? At the same time Censorship can be a good thing because it keeps children from seeing pornography, and terribl e acts of violence. However censorship should not keep anyone from seeing literature, even if it is considered slightly explicit in a sexual, racial, or violent manner. Censorship should leave the ideas of people alone and leave them with their first amendment rights. Amendment one of the United States Bill of Rights reads "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise there of; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble†¦". What this means is that we, in America have the right to be any religion, and to not have that religion forced upon us. We have the right to say what we want and to publish our ideas if we so wish, and to read the ideas that others have published. We can also peaceably assemble, or gather in protest without violence what we think is wrong. The biggest right that we have is that of free speech and press. We can say what we want! As Amer ican sometimes we take this for granted. However even though we have the right to free speech we have to draw the line somewhere, but where? "We so often condemn books that were written to fight the very things that we claim to be fighting." This quote illustrates one of the things that are so wrong with censorship.

Career Paper ( Preschool Teacher) Essay

History Preschool is something very important for toddlers. Preschools were established in Europe around the late 1800’s. They were later introduced to the United States in the 1920’s. According to the Encyclopedia of careers and vocational guidance 9th edition â€Å"preschools expanded rapidly in the united states during the 1960’s†. Job Description Preschool teachers usually instruct children usually until they reach the age of five. They conduct activities designed to develop social, physical, and intellectual skills needed for primary school. During an interview I was told many things on the subject. â€Å"You need a lot of patience† said Esther Rodriguez a preschool teacher. There are many tasks needed to be done. While researching I came across plenty of information on the internet, Echoices says that some typical tasks are â€Å"planning individual and group activities, and monitor activities to prevent accidents and conflicts between children†. Nature of Work Preschool teachers play a very important role in the development of children. In the Encyclopedia of careers and vocational guidance 9th edition states that â€Å"a preschool teacher’s primary responsibility in the social development and health of each child†. Preschool teachers design activities that build on the children’s native abilities and help them develop skills and characteristics that will help them grow. What children learn and experience during their early years can shape their views of themselves and the world. Preschool teachers introduce children to math, language arts, science, and social studies. These subjects are taught using games, music, artwork, films, books, computers, and other tools to teach basic skills. The majority of children need adjusting when they first go to preschool it being their first time away from home and their parents. Because young children look up to adults and learn through examples, it’s important that the teachers are good role models. Education, training, qualifications, and work experience Licensing requirements for preschool teachers vary by state. Some states require a bachelor’s degree in Early Childhood Education and others require certification by a nationally recognized authority. The child development associate (CDA) credential which is the most common type of certification. It requires a mix of classroom training and experience working with children. This comes along with an independent of an individual’s competence. The Encyclopedia of careers and vocational guidance 11th edition shares some requirements. â€Å"In high school you should take child development, home economics, and other classes that involve you with child care†. It also says â€Å"you’ll also need a fundamental understanding of the general subjects you’ll be introducing to preschool students, so take English, science, and math†. Don’t forget art, music, and drama for creative skills. Florida Earnings 2003 Statewide average annual earnings $20,405 Statewide average hourly earnings $9. 81 Statewide entry level annual earnings $14,560 Statewide entry level hourly earnings $7. 00 Statewide experienced level annual earnings $22,090 Statewide experienced level hourly earnings $10. 62 Miami Earnings 2003 Average annual earnings $23,150 /hourly $11. 13 Entry level annual earnings $14,435 / hourly $6. 94 Experienced level annual earnings $27,414/ hourly $13. 18.

My Favorite Coat

I have a coat in my mind. Some say it is my favorite coat. Indeed, it is one of a kind. My coat has moods, just as I. The two of us must never part. In the summertime, my coat has my heart. During the fall leaves touch the ground but my coat and I are still around. In the winter when it gets cold, my coat and I never grow old. As spring comes and snow melts away, my coat and I go out to play. Frost wrote, â€Å"Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,’ ‘And sorry I could not travel both’ ‘And be one traveler, long I stood’ ‘And look down one as far as I could’ ‘To where it bent in the undergrowth†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (n.d., The Road Not Taken). So my coat and I looked this road and realized too often the heavy load. I with my burdens all the day and my coat with its colors that sometimes changes from day to day. To understand how much we have gone through, one must know my coat is true. My coat is described in the words below and in the end, my coat and I grow. Description The coat I own is very cozy. It has two pockets on the outside and one on the inside. The coat that I own is in my mind, that keeps me warm all the time. It is made of black leather on a cold winter’s day and lamb skin internal that is what I can say. Pockets are snuggly and warm like hand muffs. The sleeves come down over my wrists, which is an advantage plus. My coat turns brown when the sun glistens through the trees. When it is autumn, the coat color changes in weather that is fair. Brown for the leaves, that fall everywhere. The pockets are lined with silk that is white. One pocket inside, carries my eyesight (glasses). During long hot summers, my coat remains true. It is on these days, it turns a cool shade of blue. The sleeves zip off and I can put them together. At these times, they become my belt. My coat becomes my robe of many colors. Despite the heat, I wear it on. When the sweat comes, it pours down my face. Yet, my coat remains true to its place. In the spring, when birds fill the air, my coat can be seen given me care. My sleeves zip on, during nights I get a chill. The coat of mine warms me at will. It knows my body, snuggling me from shoulder length and then the length goes near my toes. All the years that my coat and I coexist, hardly anyone knows. My favorite coat, whether it is black, brown, or velvet blue; changes with my mood and yet, remains true. This coat of mine is worn everyday. If the sun comes out, it glistens within. No matter what, my coat is a true friend. Summer’s come often and the heat increases. My coat and I do not go to pieces. I am cooled by the cotton within. The coat, itself, never will end. â€Å"What is that†, you ask? Why, being my true friend. Now in the spring, once again, my coat and I often spend. Time together, my favorite coat and I, sit in the park and watch people walk by. Birds still chirp and sing their song. My coat and I listen to expressions that never receive a gong. Conclusion Fall comes and trees are bare. Yet, my coat and I remain in each other’s care. I am warmed all the day. The coat is cleaned whenever I say. Dry cleaners for the best of what my coat has to give. Never, I imply, my cost must live. So by the light of the moon, I take out the coat cleaner. My coat is washed until it looks leaner. Not a speck of dirt, the silk must show. When I wear my coat, we both must glow. In the summer, when the sleeves zip off once again, I remain true to my coat because it is my favorite friend. Frost mentioned, â€Å"I shall be telling this with a sigh’ ‘Somewhere ages and ages hence:’ ‘Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—‘ ‘I took the one less traveled by,’ ‘And that has made all the difference’† (n.d., The Road Not Taken). Reference Frost, R. (n.d.). Table of Contents: The Road Not Taken. Retrieved February 28, 2007, from Web site: http://www.geocities.com/jnkees/poem1.html#nottaken   

The eNotes Blog That GIF is an Omnishambles 2012 Words of theYear

That GIF is an Omnishambles 2012 Words of theYear Language is a process of free creation; its laws and principles are fixed, but the manner in which the principles of generation are used is free and infinitely varied. Even the interpretation and use of words involves a process of free creation. ~ Noam Chomsky Two new words were added to the monster accordion of the English language today: Omnishambles (noun, informal):   a situation that has been comprehensively mismanaged, characterized by a string of blunders and miscalculations. and GIF (verb) :  to create a GIF file of (an image or video sequence, especially relating to an event. Guess which one is from the Oxford English Dictionary and which one is from the Oxford American Dictionary? (An important note:   I learned today that I mispronounce GIF. I say it as if there is a silent t gif and its like the peanut butter, Jiff. I plan to continue to say it my way. What are ya gonna do, call a cop?) Omnishambles owes its origins to the British political satire  The Thick of It.   Ã‚  Here are other words that have become part of our parlance, whose origins also come from television: From  The Simpsons:   Doh! (in the OED) Embiggen  Ã‚  Dictionary.coms 21st Century Lexicon Stephen Colbert:   Truthiness Conan OBrien:   Crunk   Bugs Bunny:   Nimrod  and Maroon As for technology, imagine going back even fifteen years, perhaps less, and telling someone that you needed to tweet something   you found on youtube and hey, by the way, did you hear flashdrives are on sale at Amazon? See you later.   I need to go to iTunes and download that new MP3.

Profile of Idaho Teen Killer Sarah Johnson

Profile of Idaho Teen Killer Sarah Johnson Sarah Johnson was 16 years old when she shot and killed her parents with a high-powered rifle because they did not approve of her 19-year-old boyfriend. Victims Alan, 46, and Diane Johnson, 52, lived in an attractive home that sat on two acres of land in an affluent suburb in the small community of Bellevue, Idaho. They had been married for 20 years and were devoted to each other and their two children, Matt and Sarah. The Johnsons were well liked in the community. Alan was the co-owner of a popular landscaping company, and Diane worked for a financial firm. The Crime In the early morning hours of September 2, 2003, Sarah Johnson ran out of her home, screaming for help. She told neighbors that her parents had just been murdered. When police arrived, they found Diane Johnson lying under the covers of her bed, dead from a shotgun blast that had removed most of her head. Alan Johnson was found lying next to the bed, dead from a gunshot wound to his chest. The shower was running, and Alan’s body was wet. Based on wet, bloody footprints and blood splatters, it appeared that he had stepped out of the shower and was then shot, but managed to walk towards Diane before collapsing and bleeding to death. The Crime Scene The police immediately secured the crime scene including sectioning off an entire block around the house. In a trashcan outside of the Johnson’s home, investigators found a bloody pink bathrobe and two gloves. One was a left-handed leather glove, and the other was a right-handed latex glove. Inside the home detectives found a trail of blood spatters, tissue and bone fragments that went from the Johnson’s bedroom, into the hall, and across to Sarah Johnson’s bedroom. A .264 Winchester Magnum rifle was found in the master bedroom. Two butcher knives, with the tips of the blades touching, had been placed on the end of the Johnson’s bed. A magazine of bullets was also found in Sarah’s bedroom, which was located around 20 feet across the hall from the Johnsons bedroom. There was no evidence of forced entry into the home. Sarah Johnson Talks to Police When Sarah Johnson first talked to the police, she said that she woke up around 6:15 a.m. and heard her parents shower running. She continued to lie in bed but then heard two gunshots. Sarah Johnson ran to her parent’s bedroom and found that their door was closed. She did not open the door, but rather called for her mother who did not answer. Frightened, she ran out of the house and began screaming for help. The Story Changes Her story of what happened would change several times throughout the investigation. Sometimes she said her parent’s door was slightly opened and other times she said her door was closed, but not her parent’s door. Based on the forensic evidence found in the hall and Sarah’s bedroom, both her door and her parent’s door would have to have been opened. Sarah also admitted that the pink robe was hers, but denied knowing anything about how it ended up in the trash. When first asked about the robe her first response was to say that she did not kill her parents, which investigators found odd. She said she thought the killer was a maid who had been recently fired by the Johnsons for stealing. The Murder Weapon The owner of the rifle used to kill the Johnsons belonged to Mel Speegle, who was renting a garage apartment in a guesthouse located on the Johnson’s property. He was away over the Labor Day weekend and had not yet returned home on the day of the murders. When questioned, he told police that the rifle was kept in an unlocked closet in his apartment. Infatuation and Obsession Sarah Johnson was described by neighbors and friends as a sweet girl who enjoyed playing volleyball. But another Sarah had emerged over the summer months. One that seemed infatuated and obsessed with her 19-year-old boyfriend, Bruno Santos Dominguez. Sarah and Dominguez had been dating for three months before the murder of her parents. The Johnsons did not approve of the relationship because Dominguez was 19 and an undocumented Mexican immigrant. He also had a reputation for being involved in drugs. Close friends of Sarah’s said that a few days before the Johnson’s murder, Sarah showed them a ring and told them that she and Dominguez were engaged. They also said that Sarah often lied, so they did not completely buy into what Sarah was saying about her engagement. Days Leading up to the Murder On August 29, Sarah told her parents that she was spending the night with friends, but instead, she spent the night with Dominguez. When her parents found out, her father went to look for her the next day and found her with Bruno at his family’s apartment. Sarah and her parents argued, and Sarah told them about her engagement. Diane was very upset and said that she was going to go to the authorities and report Dominguez for statutory rape. If nothing else, she hoped to have him deported. They also grounded Sarah for the rest of the Labor Day weekend and took her car keys. During the following days Sarah, who had a key to Speegle’s apartment, was in and out of the guesthouse for various reasons. Both Diane and Sarah called Matt Johnson, who was away at college, on the night before the murders. Matt said his mother cried about Sarahs relationship with Dominguez and expressed how embarrassed she felt by Sarahs actions. Uncharacteristically, Sarah seemed to accept her parents punishment and told Matt that she knew what they were up to. Matt did not like how the comment sounded and almost called his mother back, but decided not to because it was so late. The next day the Johnsons were dead. DNA Evidence DNA testing showed that blood and tissue belonged to Diane on Sarah’s pink robe, along with DNA that matched Sarah. Gunshot residue was found on the leather glove, and Sarah’s DNA was found inside of the latex glove. Diane’s DNA was also found in the blood that was on the socks Sarah was wearing on the morning her parents were killed. Sarah Johnson is Arrested On October 29, 2003, Sarah Johnson was arrested and charged as an adult on two counts of first-degree murder to which she pleaded not guilty. Nancy Grace Helped Prosecutors One of the big problems that the prosecution had with a major piece of evidence had to do with the pattern of blood splatters found on the pink robe. Most of the blood was on the left sleeve and the back of the robe. If Sarah put the robe on before shooting her parents, how did so much blood get on the back? While the prosecution was struggling to put together a viable explanation for the location of the blood on the robe, Sarahs defense lawyer, Bob Pangburn happened to appear as a guest on the Nancy Grace Current Affairs program. Nancy Grace asked Pangburn about the blood on the robe, and he said it showed possible contamination of evidence and that it actually could help exonerate Sarah Johnson. Nancy Grace offered another explanation. She suggested that if Sarah wanted to protect her body and clothing from blood splatter, that she could have put the robe on backward. Doing that would act as a shield, and the blood would then end up on the back of the robe. Rod Englert and other members of the prosecution team happened to be watching the program, and Graces theory provided them with a reasonable scenario that would result in the blood patterns that were on the robe. Court Testimony During the trial, there was a lot of testimony about Sarah Johnson’s inappropriate behavior and lack of emotions about the brutal murder of her parents. Neighbors and friends who offered comfort to Sarah on the day her parents were killed said that she was more concerned about seeing her boyfriend. She also did not seem traumatized, which would be expected if a teen went through the experience that she had inside the house when her parents were gunned down. At her parents funeral, she talked about wanting to play volleyball that evening and any sadness that she displayed seemed superficial. Witnesses also testified about the troubled relationship between Sarah and her mother, but many also added that it was not that unusual for a girl her age to fight with their mother. However, her half-brother, Matt Johnson, gave some of the most insightful testimony about Sarah, although it also proved to be some of the most damaging. Johnson described her as a drama queen and a good actor who had the propensity to lie. During part of his two-hour testimony, he said that the first thing Sarah told him when he arrived at their home after finding out his parent’s had been murdered, was that the police thought that she did it. He told her he thought Dominguez did it, which she vehemently denied. She said that Dominguez loved Alan Johnson like a father. Matt knew this was not true. She also told him that at 2 a.m. on the night before the murders, that someone had been to the house. Her parents checked the yard to make sure no one was out there before they went back to bed. She had not provided this information to the police. Regardless Matt did not believe her but did not challenge what she was saying. In the weeks after the murders, Matt testified that he avoided asking his sister about the murders because he was afraid of what she might tell him. The "No Blood, No Guilt" Defense Some of the strongest points that Sarah’s defense team made during her trial had to do with the lack of biological matter found on Sarah or her clothing. Investigators found nothing in her hair, hands, or anywhere else. Experts testified that with Diane having been shot at such close range, it would be impossible for the shooter to avoid being sprayed with blood and tissue and yet none was found on Sarah who underwent two complete physical exams on the day of the murders. Her fingerprints were also not found on the bullets, rifle or the knives.  However, there was one unidentified print found on the rifle. The testimony of cellmates of Sarahs who testified about some of the damaging comments she made regarding the murders was challenged. One cellmate said that Sarah said the knives were placed on the bed to throw off the police and make it look like a gang-related shooting. The defense fought to have the testimonies thrown out because the cellmates were adults and the law forbids incarcerated minors to be housed with adults. The judge did not agree, stating that if Sarah could be tried as an adult, she could be housed with adult prisoners. The defense team also questioned Matt Johnson about the life insurance money he would get if Sarah were out of the picture, insinuating that he had a lot to gain if Sarah was found guilty. The Verdict and Sentencing The jury deliberated for 11 hours before finding Sarah Johnson guilty on two counts of murder in the first degree. She was sentenced to two fixed life prison terms, plus 15 years, without the possibility of parole. She was also fined $10,000, of which $5,000 was allocated to go to Matt Johnson. Appeals Efforts for a new trial were turned down in 2011. A hearing was granted for November 2012, based on the possibility that new DNA and fingerprint technology that was not available during Sarah Johnsons trial may prove that she is innocent. Attorney Dennis Benjamin and the Idaho Innocence Project took on her case pro bono in 2011. On February 18, 2014, the Idaho Supreme Court  rejected Johnsons appeal.

PTSD The invisible wounds of War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PTSD The invisible wounds of War - Essay Example Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) starts after a horrifying ordeal that concerned physical harm or the danger of physical injury. The soldiers get PTSD due to the horrors and miserable events of the war. In war, the service volunteers powerlessly witness brutal deaths of dear comrades and guiltless Afghanistans and Iraqi (Bouvard, 2012). They undergo sexual abuse and even rape by superiors during the war and cannot report. The veterans become both agents and fatalities of violence and then come back home to a country not knowledgeable or concerned in engaging with their afflictions. Their training regularly prevents them from reporting the necessity to seek counseling. The moment one admits, they encounter a Veterans Administration insufficiently resourced (Bouvard, 2012). The re-experience of PTSD is from the veterans. Many veterans suffer in mum, unable to state the pain they experience, the losses they have undergone the change that has transformed them strangers to themselves (Nebraska Department of Veterans Affairs, 2007). It is not simple to hear their tones, but Marguerite Guzmà ¡n Bouvard has projected their sounds, by learning how to pay attention. In this book of the dreadful truth, she inspires the rest of readers to pay attention and to be far more considerate and angry and optimistic. An awful outline of psychic spoil emerges from Bouvards summary of veterans and their loved ones (Bouvard, 2012). Avoidance symptoms are attempts individuals make to shun the traumatic experience. Individuals with PTSD may attempt to shun situations that prompt memories of the traumatic encounters (Nebraska Department of Veterans Affairs, 2007). Avoidance and numbering symptoms presented in the story through Noah Pierce events. Noah Pierce joined up the volunteer service team to Afghanistan in 2002, at age seventeen (Bouvard, 2012). The mother, Cheryl,

Mathematics of infinite Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mathematics of infinite - Essay Example Calculus passed along a dramatic path, with a history worth reminiscing and value worth appreciating. Introduction Calculus, is a branch of mathematics that deals with rates of changes of quantities, area, volume, length and motion of objects. It is also called analysis, real analysis or infinitesimal analysis. Calculus is divided into two branches: differential calculus -concerned with derivatives and the integral calculus- that deal with integrals (Calculus 2013). The invention of Calculus is basically accredited to Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716). Newton and Leibniz’s breakthrough in mathematics had triggered a lot of debates and arguments from their successors which somehow contributed to the total development of the modern calculus that is existent today. The Birth: Calculus by Newton and Leibniz It is amazing to note that Newton and Leibniz discovered the concepts of calculus independently in separate periods of time, in years 1665 and 1673 respectively. Newton first discovered the subject although Leibniz was the first to publish his works in 1684. Leibniz uses symbols and notations and developed formulas obeying certain rules that transformed the theoretical methods of calculus. Leibniz’s study of the relationships of sequences of sums and differences has contributed greatly in concrete problem solving making it the essence of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. He also established the harmonic triangle forming sequences of sums and differences. Leibniz’ another major contribution is the idea of â€Å"characteristic triangle† where a triangle with a curve running along it has infinitesimal sides at every point of the curve (Leibniz’s Fundamental Theorem of Calculus n.d : 133-136). Newton established calculus based on three methods which are the infinitesimal, method of fluxions and the ultimate ratios. He also introduced â€Å"moments of fluxions†, as the amount of increas e of a fluxion in an infinitely small period of time. The â€Å"ultimate ratios† is his attempt to lay the foundation of calculus with the concept of limits (The Calculus of Leibniz and Newton n.d). Newton uses fluxion and fluent instead of derivative and integral. He uses infinitesimals for computations and provided more concepts about differentiation. Newton and Leibniz were not the first mathematicians that made the evolution of calculus possible. They were the first to define â€Å"algorithmic processes† and to set general notations. They formulated the inverse relationship of integration and differentiation in the most logical manner. Their ideas though individually and independently discovered by each one but resulted to be very related has made calculus to stand on firm foundations of knowledge which until now has been used and applied. As a general statement: â€Å"Newton’s legacy is more about the sorts of scientific problems that calculus has consider ed during the past three to four centuries, while Leibniz’ legacy is more about the way such problem are studied† (Burton n.d) Gray Period: Berkeley’s Criticism Newton and Leibniz’ profound usage of â€Å"infinitesimals† has disturbed many mathematicians succeeding them. Lord Bishop Berkeley is one of those who hurled stinging and serious criticisms to this idea. In his book, The Analyst, he exposed his judgment about the validity of calculus comparing it with religion. He derided the idea of â€Å"